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|''Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao''}} |common_name = Laos |image_flag = Flag of Laos.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Laos.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |religion = Buddhism |image_map = Location Laos ASEAN.svg |map_caption = |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''Pheng Xat Lao'' |official_languages = Lao |national_languages = French |languages_type = Spoken languages |languages = |demonym = Laotian Lao |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2005〔 |capital = Vientiane |latd=17 |latm=58 |latNS=N |longd=102 |longm=36 |longEW=E |largest_city = capital |government_type = Marxist-Leninist single-party state |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Choummaly Sayasone |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Thongsing Thammavong |leader_title3 = President of the National Assembly |leader_name3 = Pany Yathotou |leader_title4 = President of Construction |leader_name4 = Sisavath Keobounphanh |legislature = National Assembly |sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = Kingdom of Lan Xang | established_date1 = 1354–1707 | established_event2 = Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak | established_date2 = 1707–1778 | established_event3 = Vassal of Thonburi and Siam | established_date3 = 1778–893 | established_event4 = War of Succession | established_date4 = 1826–8 | established_event5 = French Indochina | established_date5 = 1893–1949 | established_event6 = Independence | established_date6 = 19 July 1949 | established_event7 = Declared Independence | established_date7 = 22 October 1953 |established_event8 = Laotian civil war | established_date8 = 9 November 1953 – 2 December 1975 |established_event9 = Lao Monarchy abolished |established_date9 = 2 December 1975 |area_rank = 84th |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 236,800 |area_sq_mi = 91,428.991 |percent_water = 2 |population_estimate = 6,803,699 |population_estimate_year = 2014 (Jul) |population_estimate_rank = 104th |population_census = 5,621,000〔http://www.nsc.gov.la/en/PDF/update%20Population%20%202005.pdf〕 |population_census_year = 2005 |population_density_km2 = 26.7 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = 177th |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP = US$34.400 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$4,986〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal = US$11.676 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$1,692〔 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini_change = |Gini = 36.7 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.569 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 139th |currency = Kip |currency_code = LAK |time_zone = ICT |utc_offset = |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = right |calling_code = +856 |iso3166code = LA |cctld = .la |footnote_a = Including over 100 smaller ethnic groups. }} Laos ((, , , or )〔These same pronunciations using Wikipedia's pronunciation respelling key: , , , .〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Definition of Laos from Oxford Dictionaries Online )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Laos – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary )〕 (ラーオ語:ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ), ''Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao''), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) ((フランス語:République démocratique populaire lao)), is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west. Since 1975, it has been ruled by a Marxist and communist government. Its population was estimated to be around 6.8 million in July 2014.〔 Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang, which existed from the 14th to the 18th century when it split into three kingdoms. In 1893, it became a French protectorate, with the three kingdoms — Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak — uniting to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation, but returned to French rule until it was granted autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. Shortly after independence, a long civil war ended the monarchy, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975. Laos is a single-party socialist republic. It espouses Marxism and is governed by a single party communist politburo dominated by military generals. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Vietnam People's Army continue to have significant influence in Laos. The capital city is Vientiane. Other large cities include Luang Prabang, Savannakhet, and Pakse. The official language is Lao. Laos is a multi-ethnic country with the politically and culturally dominant Lao people making up approximately 60% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes, accounting for 40% of the population, live in the foothills and mountains. Laos' strategy for development is based on generating electricity from its rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China, and Vietnam. Its economy is accelerating rapidly with the demands for its metals. It is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), East Asia Summit and La Francophonie. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the WTO )〕 According to the anti-corruption non-governmental organisation Transparency International, Laos remains one of the most corrupt countries in the world. This has deterred foreign investment and created major problems with the rule of law, including the nation's ability to enforce contract and business regulation.〔Transparency International "Laos Corruption Perceptions Index" (2005–2014) http://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Laos/transparency_corruption/〕 This has contributed to a third of the population of Laos currently living below the international poverty line (living on less than US$1.25 per day).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/LAO.html )〕 Laos has a low-income economy, with one of the lowest annual incomes in the world. In 2013, Laos ranked in 138th place (tied with Cambodia) on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating that Laos has lower medium to low development. According to the Global Hunger Index (2013), Laos ranks as the 25th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 56 nations with the worst hunger situation(s).〔Welthungerhilfe, IFPRI, and Concern Worldwide: (2013 Global Hunger Index – The challenge of hunger: Building Resilience to Achieve Food and Nutrition Security ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2013.〕 Laos has also had a poor human rights record. ==Etymology== In the Lao language, the country's name is "Muang Lao" () or "Pathet Lao" (): both literally mean "Lao Country". The French, who united the three Lao kingdoms in French Indochina in 1893, named the country as the plural of the dominant and most common ethnic group (in French, the final "s" at the end of a word is usually silent, thus it would be pronounced "Lao"). ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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